Hardware Reference

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This section provides detailed technical specifications and hardware information for the KISS Fuzzer device.

System Architecture

KISS Fuzzer is built around the Raspberry Pi Pico W microcontroller, providing a balance of processing capability, I/O flexibility, and integrated wireless connectivity.

Core Processing: The RP2040 dual-core ARM Cortex-M0+ processor operates at 133MHz, with one core dedicated to user interface and system management, while the second core handles JTAG/SWD operations.

Memory Configuration: 264KB of SRAM provides sufficient buffering for JTAG operations and system state, while 2MB of flash memory contains the firmware and device configuration.

Programmable I/O: The RP2040’s PIO (Programmable I/O) blocks enable precise timing control for JTAG protocols, supporting operation up to 10 MHz with sub-microsecond timing accuracy.

JTAG/SWD Interface Specifications

The JTAG interface provides comprehensive support for embedded device debugging and analysis.

Protocol Support: Full IEEE 1149.1 JTAG compliance with additional SWD (Serial Wire Debug) protocol support

Operating Speed: Variable clock rate from 1 kHz to 10 MHz with automatic timing optimization

Voltage Compatibility: Automatic level shifting supports target voltages from 1.8V to 5V

Signal Protection: Over-voltage protection, reverse polarity protection, and current limiting on all interface pins

Connector Pinout

Standard 8-pin connector provides all necessary JTAG/SWD signals:

Pin │ Signal  │ Function
────┼─────────┼─────────────────────────
 1  │ VCC     │ Target power reference
 2  │ TCK     │ Test Clock / SWCLK
 3  │ TDI     │ Test Data In
 4  │ TDO     │ Test Data Out / SWO
 5  │ TMS     │ Test Mode Select / SWDIO
 6  │ TRST    │ Test Reset (optional)
 7  │ RESET   │ Target Reset (optional)
 8  │ GND     │ Ground reference

| Display SPI | 0-3 | OLED communication | | Joystick | 4-8 | 5-way navigation | | JTAG Interface | 10-15 | Target communication | | SD Card SPI | 16-19 | Storage interface | | Power Control | 20-22 | Battery management | | Status LEDs | 25-27 | Visual indicators |

Detailed Pin Assignments

JTAG/SWD Interface

• GPIO 0-4: JTAG signals (TCK, TMS, TDI, TDO, TRST)

• GPIO 5-6: SWD signals (SWCLK, SWDIO)

• GPIO 7: Target power control

Display & UI

• GPIO 8-9: I2C for OLED display (SDA, SCL)

• GPIO 16-21: 5-way joystick and buttons

Power Management

• GPIO 22-24: USB detect, charge status, power enable

• GPIO 26-27: Battery and target voltage monitoring (ADC)

Storage

• GPIO 10-14: SPI interface for MicroSD card

See hardware/pinout.md for complete pin assignments and electrical specifications.

Power Specifications

• Input: USB-C (5V, up to 3A)

• Battery: 18650 Li-ion (3.7V, 3000mAh)

• System: 3.3V regulated

• Target Supply: 1.8V - 5.0V adjustable

• Power Budget: ~90mA typical operation

• Battery Life: 33+ hours continuous use

Power System

Battery Specifications

• Type: Li-ion 18650 or equivalent

• Voltage: 3.7V nominal (3.0V - 4.2V range)

• Capacity: 2000-3000mAh recommended

• Charging: USB-C power delivery

• Protection: Over-charge, over-discharge, short circuit

Power Consumption

Mode	Current Draw	Battery Life
Active Scanning	150-200mA	10-15 hours
Wi-Fi Active	100-150mA	15-20 hours
Menu Navigation	50-80mA	25-40 hours
Sleep Mode	5-10mA	200-400 hours

Physical Specifications

Enclosure

• Material: Translucent purple SLA resin

• Dimensions: 85mm × 55mm × 20mm (approx.)

• Weight: 120g with battery

• Mounting: Standard 1/4”-20 tripod thread

• Protection: IP54 dust/splash resistant

Thermal Management

• Operating Range: 0°C to 50°C

• Storage Range: -20°C to 70°C

• Cooling: Passive convection

• Thermal Protection: Automatic throttling at 65°C

Electrical Characteristics

Signal Integrity

• Rise/Fall Time: < 5ns at 10 MHz

• Jitter: < 100ps RMS

• Crosstalk: < -40dB between channels

• Input Impedance: 100kΩ typical

• Output Impedance: 50Ω ±10%

Protection Features

• ESD Protection: ±15kV on all I/O pins

• Over-voltage: 5.5V maximum on any pin

• Short Circuit: 100mA current limiting

• Reverse Polarity: Protected on power inputs

Expansion Options

External Interfaces

• USB-C: Programming, power, data transfer

• Debug Header: SWD access to main MCU

• I2C: External sensor interface

• GPIO: 4 general-purpose pins available

Accessories

• Probe Clips: Spring-loaded test clips

• Cable Adapters: Common connector types

• Carrying Case: Protective storage

• Charging Dock: Desktop charging station

Comprehensive Pin Configuration & GPIO Mapping

JTAG/SWD Connector Detailed Pinout

flowchart LR
    subgraph "JTAG/SWD 8-Pin Connector"
        subgraph "Top Row"
            P1[Pin 1: VCC]
            P2[Pin 2: TCK/SWCLK]
            P3[Pin 3: TDI]
            P4[Pin 4: TDO/SWO]
        end
        
        subgraph "Bottom Row"
            P5[Pin 5: TMS/SWDIO]
            P6[Pin 6: TRST]
            P7[Pin 7: NRST]
            P8[Pin 8: GND]
        end
    end
    
    P1 --> PWR[Power Supply]
    P2 --> CLK[Clock Signal]
    P3 --> DATA1[Data Input]
    P4 --> DATA2[Data Output]
    P5 --> DATA3[Mode/Data IO]
    P6 --> CTL1[Test Reset]
    P7 --> CTL2[System Reset]
    P8 --> GND[Ground]

JTAG_MODE -.-> P2
JTAG_MODE -.-> P3
JTAG_MODE -.-> P4
JTAG_MODE -.-> P5
JTAG_MODE -.-> P6

SWD_MODE -.-> P2
SWD_MODE -.-> P4
SWD_MODE -.-> P5
SWD_MODE -.-> P7

%% Styling
classDef power fill:#ffcdd2,stroke:#d32f2f,stroke-width:2px,color:#000
classDef clock fill:#c8e6c9,stroke:#388e3c,stroke-width:2px,color:#000
classDef data fill:#fff9c4,stroke:#f57f17,stroke-width:2px,color:#000
classDef control fill:#e1bee7,stroke:#7b1fa2,stroke-width:2px,color:#000
classDef ground fill:#f5f5f5,stroke:#424242,stroke-width:2px,color:#000
classDef protocol fill:#e3f2fd,stroke:#1976d2,stroke-width:2px,color:#000

class P1 power
class P2 clock
class P3,P4,P5 data
class P6,P7 control
class P8 ground
class JTAG_MODE,SWD_MODE protocol

### Complete Internal GPIO Mapping

```mermaid
flowchart TD
    subgraph "RP2040 GPIO Allocation"
        subgraph "Display"
            G0[GPIO 0: SPI0 SCK]
            G1[GPIO 1: SPI0 TX]
            G2[GPIO 2: SPI0 RX]
            G3[GPIO 3: SPI0 CS]
            G9[GPIO 9: DC Control]
        end
        
        subgraph "User Interface"
            G4[GPIO 4: Joystick Up]
            G5[GPIO 5: Joystick Down]
            G6[GPIO 6: Joystick Left]
            G7[GPIO 7: Joystick Right]
            G8[GPIO 8: Joystick OK]
        end
        
        subgraph "JTAG/SWD"
            G10[GPIO 10: TCK/SWCLK]
            G11[GPIO 11: TMS/SWDIO]
            G12[GPIO 12: TDI]
            G13[GPIO 13: TDO/SWO]
            G14[GPIO 14: TRST]
            G15[GPIO 15: NRST]
        end
        
        subgraph "Storage"
            G16[GPIO 16: SPI1 SCK]
            G17[GPIO 17: SPI1 TX]
            G18[GPIO 18: SPI1 RX]
            G19[GPIO 19: SPI1 CS]
        end
        
        subgraph "Power Control"
            G20[GPIO 20: Target Power]
            G21[GPIO 21: Glitch Control]
            G22[GPIO 22: Voltage Select]
            G23[GPIO 23: Current Sense]
        end
    end

        G21 --- G22
        G22 --- G23
    end
    
    subgraph "Status & Monitoring"
        direction TB
        G24[💡 GPIO 24<br/>Error LED<br/>Red Status]
        G25[💡 GPIO 25<br/>Activity LED<br/>Built-in LED]
        G26[🔋 GPIO 26<br/>Battery ADC<br/>Voltage Monitor]
        G27[💡 GPIO 27<br/>Status LED<br/>Green Status]
        G28[🔋 GPIO 28<br/>Charge Detect<br/>USB Power]
        
        G24 --- G25
        G25 --- G26
        G26 --- G27
        G27 --- G28
    end
end

subgraph "External Hardware Connections"
    direction TB
    
    subgraph "User Interface Hardware"
        OLED[📺 240×64 OLED Display<br/>SSD1322 Controller<br/>SPI Interface]
        JOYSTICK[🕹️ 5-Way Joystick<br/>Tactile Switches<br/>Center + 4 Directions]
    end
    
    subgraph "Debug & Test Hardware"
        JTAG_CONN[🔍 JTAG/SWD Connector<br/>8-pin Debug Header<br/>2.54mm Pitch]
        LEVEL_SHIFT[⚡ Level Shifters<br/>1.8V - 5V Support<br/>Bidirectional]
    end
    
    subgraph "Storage & Connectivity"
        SD_CARD[💾 MicroSD Card Slot<br/>Push-push Socket<br/>SPI Mode]
        WIFI_MOD[📶 Wi-Fi Module<br/>Built-in RP2040W<br/>802.11n 2.4GHz]
    end
    
    subgraph "Power Management"
        BATTERY[🔋 Li-ion Battery<br/>3.7V 2000mAh<br/>JST Connector]
        CHARGE_IC[⚡ Charging IC<br/>USB-C PD Controller<br/>MCP73871]
        POWER_MGMT[⚡ Power Management<br/>LDO Regulators<br/>Protection Circuit]
        GLITCH_HW[⚡ Glitch Hardware<br/>MOSFET Switch<br/>Precision Timing]
    end
    
    subgraph "Status Indication"
        LED_STATUS[💡 Status LEDs<br/>RGB Indicators<br/>System Status]
        LED_ACTIVITY[💡 Activity LED<br/>Operation Indicator<br/>Built-in RP2040]
    end
end

%% GPIO to Hardware Connections
G0 --> OLED
G1 --> OLED
G2 --> OLED
G3 --> OLED
G9 --> OLED

G4 --> JOYSTICK
G5 --> JOYSTICK
G6 --> JOYSTICK
G7 --> JOYSTICK
G8 --> JOYSTICK

G10 --> JTAG_CONN
G11 --> JTAG_CONN
G12 --> JTAG_CONN
G13 --> JTAG_CONN
G14 --> JTAG_CONN
G15 --> JTAG_CONN

G16 --> SD_CARD
G17 --> SD_CARD
G18 --> SD_CARD
G19 --> SD_CARD

G20 --> POWER_MGMT
G21 --> GLITCH_HW
G22 --> LEVEL_SHIFT
G23 --> POWER_MGMT

G24 --> LED_STATUS
G25 --> LED_ACTIVITY
G26 --> BATTERY
G27 --> LED_STATUS
G28 --> CHARGE_IC

%% Hardware interconnections
JTAG_CONN --> LEVEL_SHIFT
LEVEL_SHIFT -.-> POWER_MGMT
BATTERY --> CHARGE_IC
CHARGE_IC --> POWER_MGMT
POWER_MGMT -.-> GLITCH_HW

%% Styling
classDef gpio fill:#e3f2fd,stroke:#1976d2,stroke-width:1px,color:#000
classDef display fill:#e8f5e8,stroke:#388e3c,stroke-width:2px,color:#000
classDef ui fill:#fff3e0,stroke:#f57c00,stroke-width:2px,color:#000
classDef debug fill:#fce4ec,stroke:#c2185b,stroke-width:2px,color:#000
classDef storage fill:#f3e5f5,stroke:#7b1fa2,stroke-width:2px,color:#000
classDef power fill:#ffebee,stroke:#d32f2f,stroke-width:2px,color:#000
classDef status fill:#e0f2f1,stroke:#00695c,stroke-width:2px,color:#000

class G0,G1,G2,G3,G4,G5,G6,G7,G8,G9,G10,G11,G12,G13,G14,G15,G16,G17,G18,G19,G20,G21,G22,G23,G24,G25,G26,G27,G28 gpio
class OLED display
class JOYSTICK ui
class JTAG_CONN,LEVEL_SHIFT debug
class SD_CARD,WIFI_MOD storage
class BATTERY,CHARGE_IC,POWER_MGMT,GLITCH_HW power
class LED_STATUS,LED_ACTIVITY status

## GPIO Reference Table

| Function Group | GPIO Range | Purpose | Notes |
|:---------------|:-----------|:--------|:------|
| **Display SPI** | 0-3, 9 | OLED communication | SPI0 + DC control |
| **Joystick** | 4-8 | 5-way navigation | Pull-up inputs |
| **JTAG Interface** | 10-15 | Target communication | PIO controlled |
| **SD Card SPI** | 16-19 | Storage interface | SPI1 |
| **Power Control** | 20-23 | Power & glitch control | High-speed switching |
| **Status LEDs** | 24-25, 27 | System indicators | PWM capable |
| **Battery Monitor** | 26, 28 | Power management | ADC inputs |